IV. Comparative Firearm Information

G. Calibre Issues

11. .40 S&W Ammo Tests

by Roy Stedman (shred@sss.org).

        - Accuracy
        - Velocity
        - Muzzle Flash
        - Barrel Length vs Velocity

        Recently I picked up a Glock 27 as a new CCW gun.
        So, I had to pick a good carry load for it.

        The conventional wisdom is 'pick a premium factory load',
        I like to cross-check with the chronograph, so I found
        what loads I could, grabbed the chrono and headed down to the
        indoor range. The loads I tested were:

                Federal 180gr JHP
                Remington 180gr Golden Saber
                Speer Lawman 180gr TMJ
                Federal 155gr Hydra-shok
                Speer Gold Dot 155gr JHP
                Winchester 155gr Silvertip
                Cor-Bon 135gr JHP

        .40 ammo is commonly available in 180gr, 165gr, 155gr and
        a 135gr loading from Cor-Bon.  The 165gr loadings are the
        newest weight, and I didn't have any on hand to test.  
        When I get a good sample of 165gr loadings, I'll run them
        through the chrono and see how they work.  Note that several
        of the factory 165gr loads are reduced velocity loads.   

        To get some more chronograph information, I took along a
        Glock 23 and an STI Eagle 5.1, a full-size hicap 1911 in .40 S&W.

        The Glock 23 is several years old and has probably 10 to 20
        thousand rounds through it (lots of them were -Gasp!-
        lead reloads) The STI has a few thousand rounds on it, and
        the Glock 27 was new.

Barrel Lengths:

        STI Eagle    5.1" (conventionally rifled)
        Glock 23       4" (polygonal rifling)
        Glock 27     3.5" (polygonal rifling)

The testing:

        I clocked at least four rounds of each load through each
        gun.  Then I shot five rounds of each through the Glock 27
        at 1" aiming pasters at 7 yards to check accuracy.
        The leftover rounds I used for low-light flash testing in the G27.

- Accuracy:
 
        At 7 yards, in the Glock 27, from a two-hand IPSC freestyle
        hold.  Accuracy figures are rounded to the nearest inch.

        Federal 180gr JHP  - 1"
        Speer 180gr Lawman - 2"
        
        Federal 155gr HydraShok - 1"
        Speer 155gr Gold Dot    - 2"
        Winchester 155gr STHP   - 2"
        
        Cor-Bon 135gr JHP       - 2"

        At 25 yards, groups were around 3-4" from the G27.

- Velocity:

        As expected, the shorter barrels produced less velocity.
        Also as expected, most loadings in the same weight produced
        about the same velocities.  Overall, going from the 4"
        Glock 23 to the 3.5" Glock 27 cost about 50 fps.

        What I didn't expect was the performance of the 155gr Gold
        Dot.  This load had almost as much velocity in the G27's 3.5"
        tube as the other 155gr's in the 5.1" barrel.  In order to
        verify this wasn't some kind of fluke, I got another box and
        re-checked the velocities. 

        In the G27, this load beats everything else in both kinetic
        energy (which favors light bullets) and momentum (which favors
        heavy bullets).  The only downside is it's muzzle-flash.
        Still, it's my pick.

- Flash

        After testing valocity and accuracy, it was time to turn off
        the lights and check the loads to see how much muzzle-flash
        each had in the Glock 27.  The range was very dimly lit, and I
        waited until I could make out a brown cardboard target at 10
        yards before and between testing each load.  With almost every
        load, the flash was not bright enough to prevent me making
        multiple rapid shots at the target.

        Every load from the G27 showed a dark orange glow, usually 
        with a larger, quicker, and brighter yellow-white flash
        superimposed on it.  The orange glow is invisible in brighter
        light.

        The 'minimum muzzle-flash' champion was the 155gr Federal Hydra-
        Shok.  This load showed no flash besides the dull orange glow.

        Winchester 155gr Silvertips were next lowest, although some older
        loads (from a box a couple of years old) showed much more flash.

        Both 180gr loadings also had fairly low flash.

        The 155gr Gold Dot always had a bright yellow-white flash, and even
        more so for the 135gr Cor-Bon.  I checked these two loads in
        the 5.1 and got minimal flash, so I assume the bright flash
        is due to these loads using a slower-burning powder that isn't done
        burning by the time the bullet exits the short barrel of the G27.

        Even with these loads, and the dim light in the range, recovery time
        from the extra flash was minimal for me.  Total darkness and more
        time for my eyes to adjust might change this.

- Chronograph Data

        Chrono Data from Oehler 35P proof channel chrono
        at about 8 feet.  Temperature around 80'F.
        Average of four shots per gun, except where noted.

        Velocity (vel) is in feet per second.
        Kinetic Energy (ke) is in foot-pounds. 
        Momentum (pf) is in IPSC power factor (velocity * weight in grains)

------------------------------
Federal 180 gr JHP
                     vel   ke    pf

        Eagle 5.1   1005   404   180.9
        G 23         962   370   173.2
        G 27         913   333   164.4

------------------------------
Remington 180gr Golden Saber (sample size: 1/ea)
                     vel   ke    pf

        Eagle 5.1    n/a   n/a   n/a
        G 23         961   369   173.0
        G 27         934   349   168.1

------------------------------
Speer Lawman 180gr TMJ
                     vel   ke    pf

        Eagle 5.1    991   392   178.3
        G 23         967   374   174.0
        G 27         914   334   164.5

------------------------------
Federal 155gr Hydra-shok
                     vel   ke    pf

        Eagle 5.1   1154   458   178.9
        G 23        1107   422   171.6
        G 27        1077   399   166.9

------------------------------
Speer Gold Dot 155gr JHP
                     vel   ke    pf

        Eagle 5.1   1245   534   193.0
        G 23        1210   504   187.6
        G 27        1148   454   177.9 ***

------------------------------
Winchester 155gr Silvertip
                     vel   ke    pf

        Eagle 5.1   1188   486   184.1
        G 23        1131   440   175.3
        G 27        1082   403   167.8

------------------------------
Cor-Bon 135 gr JHP
                     vel   ke    pf

        Eagle 5.1   1335   535   180.3
        G 23        1258   474   169.8
        G 27        1210   439   163.4

(end article)