VII. Reloading Information

B. Bullet & Shot Information

3. On Bullet and Throat Diameters

by Norm Johnson (njohnsol@nosc.mil)

A rec.guns poster wrote:

The other question involves the throat diameters of a cylinder. One book I have states that the correct throat diameter is the same as the groove size or a bit larger. But on my new 357Mag the throats measure .359 to .360. The question is are the throats too large and will this affect accuracy.
Knowledgeable cast bullet shooters look at the cylinder throat 
dimensions as they are related to bore dimensions very carefully 
when they purchase a gun.  

In a revolver the throats are the areas in each cylinder chamber 
immediately ahead of the portion of the chamber where the brass 
case rests and into which the bullet projects.  If the bullet is 
sized so that it is a gentle force fit in the throat, all else 
being equal, your accuracy potential will increase greatly.

Two factors come into play here to improve potential accuracy:

a) the bullet axis is forced to be more nearly coaxial with the 
barrel axis than it would be if it were allowed to lay cocked at 
an angle due to tolerances between cartridge and cylinder chamber
dimensions.

b) gas cutting, which will positively RUIN accuracy, is virtually 
eliminated.
 
The above is true of cast (non-jacketed) bullets more so than 
jacketed because cast bullets are more subject to gas cutting 
but the importance of concentricity of the two axes should not be 
under estimated.

Using an old C-H Swage-O-Matic bullet swaging press and 
appropriately modified (opened) dies I am able to reshape and 
resize most pistol bullets, including most of my cast bullet 
rejects, to usable and usually very accurate projectiles.  If 
one does not require that the increase in diameter exceed a 
couple of thousands, and the bullet is not too hard, (no jacketed 
bullets  here)  a  bullet  sizer with  the  appropriate  die  can 
sometimes be use to "bump up" a given cast or swaged bullet to 
proper size although this does not provide the same control and 
consistency as  bullet swaging equipment.  Be careful though, it's 
easy to break the  sizer handle.  

I swage bullets (both cast and jacketed) to fit my .44 
Bulldog cylinder throats snugly.  My Bulldog's throat is 
oversize (.4340") as are most of the revolvers of all makes that 
I have owned in the past few years.

> How would I check/alter this?> > 

You can check this by pushing a bullet through the throats of 
your revolvers.  If they drop through freely, the bullets are 
undersized.  IDEALLY, the throat should measure one or two 
thousands larger than your MEASURED bore and the bullet should be 
about half a thousand less than the throats (or the size of the 
smallest throat).  Throat diameters will vary about half a 
thousand on a typical cylinder.  I can say from experience that 
if your guns are of recent manufacture they will have oversize 
throats.  

The only way to correct this problem (from a practical non-
machinist standpoint) is to send the gun back.  I have done this 
with three revolvers in recent years and new guns were sent to me 
with ideal dimensional relationships.  It seems that the 
companies will respond if one can relay the message that he 
understands the problem.

There is a work-around for over sized throats that does not 
require gunsmithing.  Hollow based wadcutters were designed so 
that the impact of the powder gases on the hollow of the bullet 
would obturate the skirt to fill the throat and bore - thus 
eliminating gas cutting.  This solves part of the problem, which, 
for lead bullets is the most crucial part.  

Should the throats be undersized in relation to your bore (a 
condition that is rarely encountered) they can be opened up by  
a machinist or done at home using number 400 wet-or-dry sand 
paper on a split dowel.  This must be done very carefully, 
however, making sure that the dowel is not tipped in the throat 
or an awful out-of-round mess will result.

Also, be aware that if the area of the bore where the barrel 
screws into the frame is necked down, all the bullet fitting in 
the world will not help.  Unfortunately, this is a pretty common 
condition of guns coming off the line these days.  Veral Smith's 
fire lapping kit can help to correct this condition as well as 
smoothing up the bore.  Do not use valve grinding compound as it 
is too coarse.  He can be reached at Lead Bullets Technology.

Lead Bullets Technology
HBR 62, Box 145
Moyie Springs, ID 83845
(208)267-3588

I have improved a Redhawk .44 Magnum from a "best" of 2" at 25 yds. to a constant .75" at the same distance by changing bullet diameter alone. Now THAT'S satisfying!!!